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Research Article
Ultra-structural changes of coronary arterial endothelium with myocardial bridge in human
1 Assistant Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon, Postal Code 11021, Yangon, Myanmar
2 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Defence Services Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences (DSINP), Mingalardon, Postal Code 11021, Yangon, Myanmar
3 Head of Department, Department of Nuclear Medical Research, Defence Services Medical Research Center, Tatkon-Nay Pyi Taw, Postal Code 100603, Myanmar
4 Lecturer, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon, Postal Code 11021, Yangon, Myanmar
5 Professor, Department of Anatomy, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon, Postal Code 11021, Yangon, Myanmar
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Sann Lin Ko
Department of Anatomy, Defence Services Medical Academy, Mingalardon, Postal Code 11021, 100A, War Oo Street, Phaw-kan Qurter, Insein Township, Postal Code 11012, Yangon,
Myanmar
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Article ID: 100027A04SK2020
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Ko SL, Win TT, Oo KZ, Win TT, Kyaw AMM. Ultra-structural changes of coronary arterial endothelium with myocardial bridge in human. Edorium J Anat Embryo 2020;7:100027A04SK2020.ABSTRACT
Aims: The study aimed to compare the scanning electron microscopic gradings of the endothelium and calcium depositions between proximal, under-bridging, distal, and control segments of the coronary artery with myocardial bridge (MB).
Methods: The autopsy of 45 adult hearts with MB among the 243 cases was collected from North Okkalapa General and Teaching Hospital, Yangon. Then, the length and thickness of the MB were measured. The endothelial gradings and elements composition of each specimen was examined by a scanning electron microscope (Phenom Pro X) with energy dispersion X-ray spectrometry (EDS) operated at 15 kV.
Results: In the present study, 45 bridges (18.5%) were observed among the 243 hearts. They were located on the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in all cases (100%). The mean length of the MB was 18.3 ± 11.7 mm (range 1.5–59 mm). The mean thickness of the MB was 2.8 ± 1.5 mm (range 1–6.3 mm). In comparing endothelial cell gradings and calcium deposition of four segments, the proximal segment was significantly different from the under-bridging segment, distal segment, and control segment. The under-bridging segment was significantly different gradings from the distal segment (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The proximal segment was the most endothelial damage site due to hemodynamic effect of the MB. The under-bridging segment was the least endothelial damage site which might be due to the atheroprotective effect of the MB in under segment.
Keywords: Calcium, Coronary artery, Endothelium, Myocardial bridge, Ultra-structural
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Brigadier General Tin Maung Hlaing, Commandant (Retried), Defence Services Medical Research Center, Nay Pyi Taw for providing the Scanning Electron Microscopy unit and Professor Aung Soe, Head of Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medicine (2), Yangon for giving opportunity to sample collection and gross anatomy dissection. We would like to acknowledge Dr. Thiha Nyunt, Nanova-scientific Company, for providing technical support for electron microscopy.
Author ContributionsSann Lin Ko - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Analysis of data, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Thin Thin Win - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Khine Zaw Oo - Acquisition of data, Interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Tun Tun Win - Analysis of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Aye Moe Moe Kyaw - Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Guaranter of SubmissionThe corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of SupportNone
Consent StatementWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.
Data AvailabilityAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Conflict of InterestAuthors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright© 2020 Sann Lin Ko et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.
